Who should be present during Product Backlog refinement?

The presence of the Development Team during Product Backlog refinement is essential as they possess the technical knowledge and insights needed to break down the items in the backlog into actionable tasks. Their involvement helps ensure that the Product Backlog is well understood, clear, and feasible, which ultimately enhances the team's ability to deliver valuable increments in future Sprints.

The Development Team can provide estimates of the effort required for backlog items, suggest necessary changes, and offer insights into what is achievable within a given Sprint, all of which are valuable to refining the Product Backlog effectively.

While the Scrum Master can facilitate the refinement process and the Product Owner is responsible for the backlog content and prioritization, the Development Team's direct involvement is crucial for creating a shared understanding and providing the necessary context for the items being refined. Stakeholders may contribute valuable feedback regarding the backlog items’ value and priority, but the core responsibility and capability to refine and clarify the technical aspects lie with the Development Team.