Which of the following activities will occur to refine Product Backlog items?

Refining Product Backlog items is fundamentally about adding detail, estimates, and order to the items within the backlog. This often involves analyzing the requirements, user stories, and other backlog items to ensure clarity and completeness. This analysis helps the team understand what needs to be developed, making it easier to break down larger items into smaller, more manageable ones and add valuable insights that can improve the overall product delivery.

While testing and implementation are crucial parts of the overall development process, they occur after the backlog items have been sufficiently refined and prioritized. Pursuing new technology may also provide benefits but is not a direct activity involved in the refinement of backlog items. Therefore, analysis stands out as the activity that directly supports the refinement of Product Backlog items, ensuring that the items are well understood and ready for development.